A comprehensive survey documents the fish diversity in the Red Sea across 56 sites
The General Authority for the Conservation of Coral Reefs and Sea Turtles (Shams) has revealed the results of a comprehensive field survey aimed at monitoring fish diversity in the Red Sea. The survey documented the presence of 3,374 fish species distributed across 56 different marine sites. This pioneering step is part of the Authority's ongoing efforts to build a comprehensive reference database that supports plans to conserve the unique ecosystems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in line with the environmental objectives of Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to achieve sustainability.
A unique environmental legacy: the history of marine ecosystems in the region
Historically, the Red Sea has been recognized as one of the world's most important and biodiverse bodies of water. Its marine environment has been shaped over millions of years, becoming home to rare coral reefs and marine organisms capable of adapting to harsh conditions such as high salinity and high temperatures. This natural heritage makes the study of the Red Sea's fish diversity a pressing necessity, not only to understand its environmental past but also to protect this natural treasure from modern threats such as climate change and unregulated human activities.
Statistical data from the latest survey, covering the period from July 22 to August 1, 2024, showed a clear dominance of the striped surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus striatus), known locally as "al-Gouna," topping the list with a count of 1,014 fish, forming an important element in the ecological balance of the coral reefs. The dark parrotfish (Scarus niger) came in second with 383 fish, followed by the elegant unicornfish (Naso elegans) with 381 fish, reflecting the richness and diversity of the marine environment in the targeted locations.
Dimensions and implications of fish diversity in the Red Sea
The research teams recorded remarkable biodiversity, including 15 fish species. Parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) was observed 355 times, and brown surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus) 258 times. The survey covered a wide range of depths, from 2 to 31 meters, providing a comprehensive picture of the distribution of marine organisms across the various water layers of the reef. Environmental readings accompanying the survey revealed the high resilience of marine life in the area; the average water temperature during the monitoring period was 32.1 degrees Celsius, an environment that requires specific adaptations from marine organisms.
Most of the fish sightings were concentrated in the medium size category, between 10 and 20 cm, which indicates the presence of a young and active generation of fish that supports the continuity of the food chain in these vital habitats.
Strategic impact locally and internationally
The importance of this survey extends beyond the local level, supporting major tourism projects and providing accurate data for decision-makers to protect national resources. Its implications are regional and international. Regionally, this data contributes to strengthening cooperation among riparian states to protect shared waterways. Internationally, documenting the ability of these organisms to survive and thrive in water temperatures exceeding 32 degrees Celsius offers the global scientific community new hope and a unique model for studying the resilience of coral reefs in the face of global warming. This research initiative, spearheaded by Shams, is a cornerstone in formulating future conservation strategies, ensuring the sustainability of marine resources for future generations and reinforcing the Kingdom's position as a leading global environmental destination.
