The effect of winter on rheumatism: causes of pain and treatment tips
With the arrival of winter and the drop in temperatures, the annual debate resurfaces regarding the relationship between cold weather and the exacerbation of bone and joint pain. While weather changes have long been associated in folklore with increased bodily aches and pains, modern science has begun to offer precise explanations for this phenomenon that plagues millions of patients worldwide. In this context, Dr. Diaa Hussein, a consultant in rheumatology and osteoporosis, sheds light on the biological mechanisms that make winter a particularly difficult season for rheumatism patients, supporting his explanation with the latest global studies.
Scientific explanation: Why do our joints hurt in the cold?
Dr. Diaa Hussein explained that winter presents a real challenge for rheumatism patients, with many complaining of muscle stiffness and sharp joint pain. The physiological reason behind this is that lower temperatures increase the viscosity of synovial fluid (joint fluid), which lubricates the joints, thus reducing their flexibility and increasing friction and pain. Additionally, the cold causes constriction of blood vessels surrounding the joints, reducing blood flow and increasing the sensitivity of nerve endings to pain. These symptoms are most noticeable in the early morning or after prolonged periods of rest.
Global studies confirm the relationship
It's no longer just clinical observation; research has established a strong link between cold environments and the development of rheumatic diseases. Dr. Hussein cited a Swedish study published in the journal RMD in 2017, which included thousands of participants and concluded that working in cold environments increases the likelihood of developing rheumatoid arthritis by up to 50%, especially when combined with repetitive hand movements. Studies from the UK, the US, and the Netherlands have also indicated that changes in barometric pressure and humidity play a role in increasing pain and stiffness, although this doesn't necessarily mean an increase in disease activity itself, but rather an exacerbation of its symptoms.
Immunity and weather: recent discoveries
In a significant research development, a recent study conducted in December 2024 and published in the *Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology* revealed a new mechanism for weakened immunity in winter. Researchers found that a drop in nasal tissue temperature of just 5 degrees Celsius reduces the ability of immune vesicles to fight viruses by more than 40%, making rheumatic disease patients—who may be taking immunosuppressant medications—more susceptible to health complications during cold spells.
Raynaud's phenomenon and psychological impact
Dr. Diaa discussed Raynaud's phenomenon, which worsens in winter, causing the tiny blood vessels in the fingers to constrict, turning them white and then blue, accompanied by numbness. The effects of winter aren't limited to the physical body; they extend to mental health. Chronic pain, reduced mobility, and sleep disturbances due to pain can lead to anxiety and depression, creating a vicious cycle that exacerbates the pain.
Roadmap for treatment and prevention
To improve quality of life during winter, Dr. Diaa Hussein offered a set of golden tips:
- Medication adherence: Do not stop taking medications without medical advice.
- Supportive nutrition: Focus on foods rich in vitamin D, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids.
- Warmth and movement: Wear appropriate clothing, warm the joints, and do light exercise to loosen stiffness.
- Monitoring symptoms: It is essential to consult a doctor immediately if severe swelling, redness, or fever is noticed, to avoid serious relapses.
