Ovarian cancer: A silent disease lacking early laboratory testing

A group of specialists in genetic research and laparoscopic surgery confirmed that the danger of ovarian cancer lies primarily in the absence of clear symptoms during its early stages and the difficulty of early detection through standard laboratory tests. They pointed out that advanced imaging techniques remain the most effective tool to date for detecting this disease, which poses a significant challenge in women's healthcare.

Historical context and development of awareness of ovarian cancer

Historically, ovarian cancer difficult to diagnose, with cases often discovered at very late stages, resulting in low survival rates in past decades. With May 8th designated as World Ovarian Cancer Awareness Day, medical efforts have intensified globally to highlight the importance of paying attention to subtle symptoms. Speaking to Al-Youm newspaper on this occasion, doctors explained that recent studies have revolutionized our understanding of the disease's progression, revealing the possibility that cancerous cells can originate in the fallopian tubes before reaching the ovaries—a discovery that has transformed prevention and early detection strategies.

Local and regional impact of advanced healthcare

At the local and regional levels, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia places great importance on developing its oncology sector. Experts have emphasized that the availability of robotic surgery, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies in specialized centers across the Kingdom has fundamentally changed the approach to managing advanced cases. This advancement not only positively impacts the level of local healthcare but also strengthens the Kingdom's position as a leading regional center for providing the latest treatment protocols, contributing to reduced mortality rates and improved quality of life for patients throughout the Middle East.

Genetic genes and cell transformation

Dr. Khulood Sulaiman Al-Wusaibi, a research scientist, consultant in cancer and precision medicine, and director of the Biomedical Research Department at King Fahd Specialist Hospital, described the disease as a "silent disease." She emphasized that its danger lies in the absence of clear symptoms, which often leads to its discovery at advanced stages. She stressed the importance of being aware of subtle symptoms and undergoing regular checkups, especially for those with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer.

She explained that the ovaries are an essential part of the female reproductive system, noting that cancer can originate within the ovarian cells or the surrounding tissues. She added that studies have shown some cases begin in the fallopian tubes, which are connected to the ovaries, where cellular changes can trigger the formation of cancerous cells.

Why is it called the silent disease?

Dr. Al-Wusaibi explained that the disease is described as "silent" because the ovaries are not directly connected to nerves that would cause pain in the early stages. In fact, some advanced cases may even develop without any noticeable pain. The most prominent symptoms include persistent bloating, fluid retention in the abdomen, and a feeling of fullness or internal pressure. She emphasized that the main problem lies in the lack of a precise laboratory test capable of detecting it early, clarifying that imaging techniques such as ultrasound and MRI are currently the most effective methods.

Key risk factors and treatment developments

Regarding risk factors, she pointed out that genetics is a major contributing factor, particularly the gene mutations known as BRCA1 and BRCA2. She also noted the existence of other hormonal factors, especially estrogen. Concerning treatment advancements, she explained that modern medicine is witnessing significant leaps in the field of precision medicine or personalized medicine, which relies on analyzing genetic mutations to select the most appropriate treatment. She also affirmed that immunotherapy has achieved promising results by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Warning signs and robotic surgery

Dr. Yazid Al-Yousef

For his part, Dr. Yazid Al-Yousef, a consultant in obstetrics, gynecology, laparoscopic surgery, and robotic gynecological procedures, confirmed that the symptoms are initially very mild or vague. He explained that the likelihood of developing the condition increases with age, obesity, smoking, and endometriosis. He pointed out that medical advancements have improved recovery rates through tests such as CA-125 analysis and ultrasound, in addition to minimally invasive surgeries like robotic surgery and targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors. He concluded with a message to every woman: “Pay attention to your body and don’t ignore any abnormal changes. Awareness is the strongest weapon, and regular checkups can save lives.”.