Myopia in children: Causes of the digital pandemic and the latest treatment methods
rates myopia and adolescents, a phenomenon now medically termed the "digital epidemic." This surge is driven by the widespread use of smartphones and digital screens, which have become an integral part of daily life. This risk is no longer limited to temporary vision impairment; it now extends to adolescents up to the age of 18, a critical stage of eye development. This threatens to worsen vision problems and potentially lead to missed opportunities for future vision correction unless early preventative intervention is implemented.
Historical context and the impact of screens on myopia in children
Historically, nearsightedness was largely attributed to genetics and aging. However, with the dawn of the 21st century and the technological revolution, the landscape has shifted dramatically. World Health Organization reports indicate that half the world's population could be nearsighted by 2050 if current trends continue. Regionally and locally, these figures have increased significantly, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated remote learning and increased screen time among younger generations. This has transformed nearsightedness into a global health challenge requiring urgent action to mitigate its economic and health burdens on societies.
Changes in visual focus and risks of eye strain
In this context, Dr. Hussein Al-Saqqaf, a consultant in ophthalmology and eye surgery, revealed that numerous recent scientific studies have directly linked prolonged use of electronic devices to an accelerated rate of vision impairment among younger generations. He explained that continuous focus on close-up screens causes severe eye strain, which in turn stimulates abnormal elongation and growth of the eye at a rate of approximately a quarter of a degree per year in some cases. Dr. Al-Saqqaf emphasized the importance of applying the "20-20-20" rule, which means taking a break every 20 minutes and looking at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds to reduce this strain.
Serious complications beyond changing glasses
Dr. Al-Saqqaf explained that many families mistakenly believe the problem is simply a matter of periodically changing eyeglass prescriptions. However, medical reality confirms that high myopia and persistent elongation of the eye lead, in the long run, to retinal thinning and weakening, and an increased risk of retinal detachment. Furthermore, it can cause serious problems in the central vision, ultimately rendering patients unsuitable for future vision correction surgery to eliminate the need for glasses due to corneal thinning or excessively high prescriptions.
Genetic factors and modern techniques for measuring eye length
Dr. Al-Saqqaf pointed to a crucial factor often overlooked: family history. The incidence of vision problems in children is significantly higher if one or both parents have vision impairment. He added that the modern approach in advanced eye centers goes beyond simply measuring eyeglass prescriptions to accurately measuring "eye length" using sophisticated equipment. This is the most precise indicator for monitoring eye growth and assessing a child's response to available treatment options. This approach allows for early intervention and the selection of the most suitable treatment plan for each child before their vision deteriorates.
The revolution in medical solutions and smart lenses
Dr. Al-Saqqaf revealed significant therapeutic advancements that have successfully slowed the rate of vision deterioration. Chief among these is the use of diluted atropine eye drops at very low concentrations, which clinical studies have proven effective in reducing excessive eye growth with minimal side effects. The field of optics has also witnessed a true revolution with the invention of "modern smart lenses" for eyeglasses. These lenses are designed with precise optical technologies that redistribute light signals to the periphery of the retina, effectively inhibiting eye growth and elongation and stabilizing prescriptions compared to traditional lenses.
Family prevention protocol and the importance of natural light
Dr. Al-Saqqaf concluded his remarks by offering a set of preventative tips for families, foremost among them the necessity of early and regular eye exams, even if the child has no complaints. He also emphasized the importance of regularly monitoring eye length and strictly limiting screen time. Recent scientific findings have proven the importance of encouraging children to engage in outdoor activities and be exposed to natural light, as this plays a crucial role in the release of dopamine, which prevents the elongation of the eyeball. Protecting children's vision today depends on building a comprehensive preventative culture that ensures their long-term eye health.
