A Saudi innovation at KAUST to enhance plant immunity and food security
In a pioneering scientific step that enhances the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's standing on the global scientific research map, Dr. Fatima Abdulhakim, a plant scientist at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), revealed a significant discovery in the field of crop engineering. This achievement is not merely an academic advancement, but a cornerstone in strategies for achieving sustainable food security in arid and extremely hot regions.
The "molecular switch" mechanism: a revolution in plant immunity
The new discovery centers on identifying a precise protein that acts as a smart "molecular switch" within plant cells. Dr. Fatima explained that this protein possesses exceptional sensing capabilities; upon detecting any bacterial threat, it immediately issues commands to close the stomata, the tiny pores through which leaves breathe, thus blocking the entry of bacteria that cause agricultural pests. This mechanism provides a natural first line of defense, eliminating the need for the excessive use of chemical pesticides that harm the soil and the environment.
Addressing climate change and heat stress
This discovery's function extends beyond disease resistance; it also provides a protective shield against harsh climate changes. The newly discovered protein works synergistically with other proteins to form what are known as "stress granules." These granules mitigate unnecessary biological processes within the plant when temperatures soar to record levels, allowing the crop to survive and conserve energy to withstand heat waves and droughts—major challenges facing agriculture in the Middle East.
Strategic dimensions and their impact on food security
This research gains exceptional importance when placed within the context of global and local challenges. Globally, climate change threatens to shrink arable land, making the development of "climate-smart" crops an urgent necessity, not a luxury. Locally, this achievement is central to the objectives of "Saudi Vision 2030" and the "Green Saudi Arabia" initiative, contributing to enhanced agricultural self-sufficiency and reducing the water and financial waste associated with traditional pest control methods.
From ISEF to global recognition: An inspiring journey
These research efforts culminated in Dr. Fatima winning the L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science, an honor that reflects international confidence in the output of Saudi scientific research. Speaking about her journey, the researcher recalled her beginnings at the age of fifteen when she represented the Kingdom at the ISEF International Science and Engineering Fair, emphasizing that early passion and investment in national talent are the true fuel for achievements. She addressed a message to Saudi girls, urging them to believe in their abilities and venture into the fields of science, technology, and engineering, stressing that empowering scientists is the shortest path to building a secure and sustainable agricultural future.
