Saudi legislation to promote healthy eating habits and combat diseases
The Saudi Cabinet recently approved the National Policy for Promoting Healthy Eating Habits , a strategic step aimed at supporting quality of life and raising the level of public health in society. This step is fully aligned with the objectives of the Kingdom's Vision 2030, which strives to build a vibrant society whose members enjoy a healthy and sustainable lifestyle, positively impacting all aspects of comprehensive development.
Societal transformations and the need to establish healthy eating guidelines
Over the past few decades, Saudi Arabia has experienced an economic boom and rapid urban development, leading to radical changes in lifestyles. This rapid shift towards urbanization has been accompanied by a noticeable decline in physical activity levels and an increasing reliance on fast food and high-calorie processed foods. Consequently, there is a pressing need for institutional government intervention to reset health priorities and correct the course through legislation that ensures a supportive environment for healthy food choices and curbs habits that harm the public health of current and future generations.
The language of numbers: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death
The new policy is based on accurate and alarming health data, highlighting the pivotal role of diet in reducing mortality rates from chronic diseases. The World Health Organization estimated in 2016 that approximately 73% of all deaths in the Kingdom are linked to these diseases, with cardiovascular diseases alone accounting for the largest share at 37%. Furthermore, the 2021 Saudi Health Survey revealed a significant increase in indicators related to malnutrition, with obesity and overweight rates reaching approximately 58% among those aged 15 and above, high cholesterol at 43%, high blood pressure at 14%, and high glucose levels at 4%.
Strategic dimensions of implementing a healthy eating pattern locally and regionally
The importance of adopting this policy extends beyond domestic affairs, encompassing broad regional and international implications. Domestically, promoting healthy eating habits alleviate the immense economic burden on the healthcare system, freeing up resources for medical innovation and development instead of being drained on treating preventable diseases. Regionally, this step positions the Kingdom as a leader among the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and the wider Middle East region, which faces similar health challenges, setting a benchmark for food engineering and preventative health legislation. Internationally, these efforts are strongly aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the World Health Organization's recommendations for reducing premature mortality.
5 basic principles that shape national policy
The policy is based on five key principles that form the general framework for its implementation: First, “governance,” through establishing a clear national framework and defining the responsibilities of relevant stakeholders. Second, “cooperation and partnerships” between the public and private sectors and society to create a stimulating environment. Third, “development and sustainability” to ensure the continuity of efforts aimed at preserving public health. Fourth, “awareness and education” to provide a nutritional environment that contributes to improving quality of life. Finally, reliance on “scientific data and evidence” as a fundamental tool to support decisions and achieve objectives.
Long-term health goals and comprehensive scope of application
The policy aims to achieve long-term health outcomes, most notably increasing life expectancy, reducing nutrition-related risks such as obesity in children (aged 5-18) and adults, and lowering the rates of diabetes and heart disease. Its application spans a wide range of locations, from markets, shopping malls, hotels, restaurants, and cafes to parks and public transportation. It also encompasses all government agencies, health and educational facilities, sports clubs, entertainment venues, and land, sea, and air ports of entry.
Implementation pillars: From legislation to innovation
The policy's implementation relies on four main pillars: The first pillar focuses on building partnerships and developing legislation to address existing gaps and create laws that support healthy food. The second pillar emphasizes promoting healthy behaviors through awareness and training programs for chefs, and regulating portion sizes in public places. The third pillar addresses developing the food value chain using modern agricultural technologies and supporting local farmers to produce sustainable fruits and vegetables. The fourth pillar supports research and innovation by establishing specialized centers, encouraging international partnerships, and utilizing modern technologies such as genomics and big data to develop and enhance the value of the food industry.
