A rare Kufic Qur'an dating back to the second century AH in the Hira Museum
In a move that reflects the historical and cultural depth of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, specifically in Mecca, the Holy Quran Museum in the Hira Cultural District is home to one of the most precious Islamic treasures, represented by the display of a rare "Kufic Quran," which is a living historical document that tells the story of the beginnings of the recording of the Holy Quran and the development of Arabic calligraphy in the early Islamic eras.
A Journey Through Time: From the Second Century AH
Scholarly estimates place this historic Qur'an at the 2nd or 3rd century AH (corresponding to the 8th or 9th century CE). Its verses are written in exquisite Kufic script on parchment (tanned leather), the primary writing medium before the widespread adoption of paper in the Islamic world. This manuscript is distinguished by its horizontal orientation, a style prevalent in early Qur'ans, offering visitors a rare opportunity to explore the artistic and technical characteristics of this pivotal period in the history of Arabic writing.
Contents of the manuscript and its scientific value
The value of this Qur'an is not limited to its age alone, but extends to its content, which begins with verse (50) of Surah Al Imran and continues until the end of Surah Abasa. This division reflects the nature of Qur'ans that were in circulation in the past, as they were sometimes written in parts to facilitate carrying, memorization, and exchange among scholars and students in mosque study circles and Quranic schools, thus highlighting the educational role these manuscripts played.
Kufic script: an icon of Islamic art
The Kufic script, in which this Qur'an is written, is the oldest and most prestigious of the Arabic scripts. Originating in Kufa, it was adopted by the Islamic state for writing Qur'ans and architectural inscriptions for centuries. Characterized by its geometric style and sharp angles, this script, displayed in the museum, reflects the aesthetic evolution that accompanied the recording of the word of God Almighty, and how Muslim calligraphers excelled in serving the Qur'anic text throughout the ages.
Institutional cooperation for heritage preservation
The display of this rare Quran is the result of collaboration between cultural institutions. The original is housed in the King Fahd National Library and has been loaned for display as part of the mission of the Museum of the Holy Quran. This collaborative effort aims to showcase Quranic treasures and rare manuscripts to the public, and to introduce visitors to the tremendous efforts Muslims have made to preserve the Book of God and write it in its most beautiful form and with the utmost precision.
Hira Cultural District: A Global Enrichment Destination
This exhibition gains added significance from its location within the Hira Cultural District, adjacent to Jabal al-Nour, the site of the revelation, thus linking the geography of the place with the history of the text. Through these artifacts, the museum contributes to enriching the cultural and intellectual experience of visitors to Mecca, including pilgrims and Umrah performers, affirming the status of the Holy City not only as the Qibla for Muslims, but also as a repository of Quranic and Islamic cultural heritage, and a global destination for those interested in the history, sciences, and arts of the Quran.
