Jeddah Astronomy Society: A coronal hole is facing Earth, and a magnetic storm is expected

The Jeddah Astronomical Society issued a detailed scientific warning regarding the observation of significant solar activity over the past few days. Astronomical observation data revealed important developments in the sun's atmosphere that could have repercussions for Earth. Engineer Majed Abu Zahra, head of the society, explained that satellites specializing in solar physics and space weather detected the formation of a large coronal hole in the sun's corona, positioned directly opposite our planet.

Details of coronal holes and solar winds

According to the data released, this hole features an extended solar geological structure resembling a deep valley or gorge. Extreme ultraviolet observations have shown that this region is emitting a dense and energetic stream of high-speed solar wind toward Earth. Space weather simulation models indicate that this charged wind is expected to reach Earth's magnetic field by December 18, 2025.

What are coronal holes?

To explain scientifically, coronal holes are a common phenomenon in the solar cycle. They are regions in the Sun's atmosphere (the corona) that appear as dark spots in X-ray and ultraviolet images. This is because they are cooler and less dense than the surrounding plasma. More importantly, the magnetic field lines in these regions are "open" and extend far into interplanetary space, rather than closing back onto the Sun's surface. This allows charged particles to escape at tremendous speeds exceeding 500 kilometers per second, forming what is known as the solar wind.

Classification of the expected storm and its global impacts

Based on current data, experts predict that the interaction of these winds with Earth's magnetosphere will result in a G1-class geomagnetic storm. This type of storm is classified as "minor" on the solar storm scale, which ranges from G1 to G5. Despite its weakness, its effects can be technically detected globally and include:

• Very slight fluctuations in electrical power grids at high latitudes.
• Limited effects on satellite operations and GPS navigation systems.
• The likelihood of the aurora borealis (northern lights) forming is clearly visible in areas near the North and South Poles.

Is there a danger to the Arab region?

Engineer Abu Zahra reassured the public in the Arab world, emphasizing that the direct effects of this storm (G1) would be negligible in our region. This is due to the geographical location of Arab countries, which lie within the mid- and low-latitudes, areas well-protected by the Earth's magnetic field and are not typically affected by weak storms. Therefore, there is no cause for concern regarding communication outages, power cuts, or any health risks to people.

The context of the solar cycle and the importance of observation

This phenomenon occurs within the context of the sun's natural activity cycles, which last for 11 years and range from quiet to peak. Scientists emphasize that monitoring "space weather" is no longer a scientific luxury, but a pressing necessity in our digital age. With humanity's increasing reliance on space technology, transcontinental communication networks, and air and sea navigation systems, monitoring solar winds and magnetic storms becomes vital for protecting technological infrastructure and ensuring the continuity of essential services worldwide.