The historic markets of Mecca: a cultural memory and an economic destination
The historic markets of Mecca embody a vibrant urban memory, shaped over centuries by the continuous interaction between trade caravans, pilgrims, and the inhabitants of the holy city. These markets contributed to establishing Mecca's status not only as the Qibla for Muslims, but also as a global religious and commercial center, a meeting point for cultures and goods from all corners of the earth.
These markets were not merely spaces for buying and selling, but rather formed social and cultural platforms that shaped lifestyles and the local economy, and they continue to play a renewed role within the comprehensive development system, in line with the objectives of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 in diversifying the economy, enhancing the quality of life, and enriching the experience of the pilgrims.
Historical depth and strategic location
Throughout its long history, Mecca has been home to markets linked to its geographical location, its proximity to the Grand Mosque, and its ancient caravan routes. The "Night Market" is one of the oldest of these, maintaining its commercial presence to this day. It is renowned for the diversity of its offerings and for serving visitors to the central area in the evenings, escaping the daytime heat. The "Suwaiqa Market" also stands out for its distinctive traditional character and continues to be a destination for those seeking traditional goods, fabrics, and local products that reflect the city's identity.
The historical commercial activity extended to markets that served the southern and western parts of the city, including “Al-Masfalah Market,” which was associated with serving pilgrims coming from the south, and “Ajyad Market,” which witnessed active seasonal activity related to the Hajj and Umrah seasons, before its features changed within the modern development projects that the central area is witnessing.
Global commercial character and a meeting point for cultures
Other markets were known in the northern and eastern districts, such as the Al-Mu'alla and Al-Hajoun markets, in addition to local markets like the Jarwal and Al-Zahir markets, as well as the Al-Shubaika market near the Grand Mosque. Researchers in the history of Mecca affirm that these historical markets served as human meeting places, bringing together diverse cultures and contributing to the exchange of goods and customs, thus giving Mecca an early, global commercial character.
These markets played a pivotal role in supporting Makkah families by providing earning opportunities and passing down crafts and knowledge between generations, as they were teeming with the sale of prayer beads, carpets, perfumes, incense, and handicrafts that pilgrims were keen to acquire as souvenirs that carried the fragrance of the holy lands.
Economic figures and urban development
It is estimated that between 30 and 35% of visitors to Mecca make a point of visiting the historical and traditional markets, with average spending ranging from 250 to 400 riyals per visit. These markets house hundreds of shops, provide direct and indirect employment opportunities, and support small and medium-sized enterprises and artisans, particularly in the fields of handicrafts, perfumes, and traditional food products.
Existing historical markets are receiving increasing attention within urban development programs, through improving the urban landscape, regulating commercial activities, and enhancing infrastructure efficiency, while preserving their heritage and architectural identity. These efforts complement projects to develop the central area and improve the pedestrian environment, positively impacting the experience of visitors to the Grand Mosque and residents of Mecca, in line with the Guests of God Service Program, one of the programs of the Kingdom's Vision 2030.
Economic and heritage experts believe that reviving historical markets in a modern style that preserves the spirit of the place represents a successful model for sustainable development, combining the preservation of spatial memory, stimulating commercial activity, promoting cultural tourism, and achieving balanced economic and social returns, so that these markets remain a testament to the depth of history and the brilliance of the present.
