Epilepsy treatment and managing seizures: Comprehensive medical advice
Epilepsy is one of the oldest medical conditions known to humankind. It is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain and can affect people of all ages. Despite significant medical advancements, many misconceptions surrounding this disease continue to negatively impact the lives of those affected. Global statistics from health authorities indicate that approximately 50 million people worldwide live with epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological disorders globally.
The nature of the disease and its global impact
The Ministry of Health and neurology specialists clarified that epilepsy is not a temporary health condition, but a chronic illness requiring ongoing management. Data indicates that approximately 80% of those affected live in low- and middle-income countries, where they may face challenges accessing appropriate healthcare. Raising awareness about this disease is crucial because the risk of premature death among those with epilepsy is three times higher than in the general population, necessitating effective medical and community intervention.
Causes and Types: A Specialized Medical Perspective
In their interview with Al-Youm, a group of consultants, including Dr. Dana Al-Jaafari, a consultant in neurology and epilepsy, Dr. Sarah Al-Amri, and Dr. Moudi Al-Khaldi, explained that epilepsy results from abnormal and sudden electrical activity in brain cells. The causes of the disease have been classified into several main factors:
- Genetic and hereditary factors: play a role in some cases.
- Head injuries: accidents and severe blows.
- Oxygen deficiency: especially during childbirth.
- Brain infections: such as meningitis.
- Strokes and tumors: These are common causes among the elderly.
Epilepsy is mainly divided into two types: partial (focal) epilepsy , which begins in a specific area of the brain, and generalized epilepsy , which involves the entire brain and often leads to loss of consciousness and full-blown convulsions.
First aid: The five-minute rule
Experts emphasized the importance of public awareness regarding how to deal with epileptic seizures, as correct action can save the victim's life. The most important first aid steps are summarized below:
- Remain completely calm and do not panic.
- Remove any sharp or dangerous objects from the vicinity of the injured person.
- The injured person was placed on their side to facilitate breathing and prevent suffocation.
- Accurately calculate the duration of the attack.
- Important warning: It is strictly forbidden to put anything in the mouth of the injured person or to attempt to forcibly restrict their movement.
Dr. Al-Jaafari confirmed that the safe duration for a seizure is 5 minutes , and if the seizure continues for more than that, or is repeated without regaining consciousness, or results in physical injury, an ambulance should be called immediately.
Correcting misconceptions and improving quality of life
For her part, Dr. Sarah Al-Amri emphasized the need to combat the social stigma associated with epilepsy, stressing that the disease is not contagious and has no connection to possession or witchcraft, as is commonly believed in some cultures. Dr. Moudi Al-Khaldi pointed out that early diagnosis through electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with adherence to the treatment plan, enables up to 70% of patients to live completely seizure-free. This commitment allows patients to lead normal lives, including education, work, marriage, and even driving under specific medical guidelines, thus enhancing their quality of life and their effective integration into society.
