Eating disorders during Ramadan: A guide to understanding the risks and healthy habits

Introduction: Understanding eating disorders as a global health issue

Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, are complex and serious mental and physical health conditions affecting millions of people worldwide, regardless of age, gender, or cultural background. They are not simply “bad eating habits” or lifestyle choices, but rather deep-rooted biological and psychological illnesses that require specialized understanding, support, and treatment. These disorders are linked to a range of genetic, psychological, and social factors and are often co-occurring with other conditions such as anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, making the recovery journey challenging and lengthy.

Why does Ramadan present a particular challenge for those with eating disorders?

With the arrival of Ramadan, individuals with eating disorders face unique challenges that can exacerbate their condition. The dual nature of the month, combining fasting and abstaining from food and drink for extended periods, followed by an intense focus on feasts and social gatherings around Iftar and Suhoor meals, creates an environment conducive to disordered thoughts and behaviors. The cycle of “restriction” (fasting) followed by “potential overindulgence” (breaking the fast) can reinforce binge or purging behaviors in those with bulimia or binge eating disorder. For those with anorexia, fasting may provide a socially acceptable justification for further calorie restriction, masking the severity of the illness and increasing its health risks.

The compounded psychological and physical effects of Ramadan

The risks extend far beyond eating habits. Social pressure to participate in large family meals can cause intense anxiety, feelings of isolation, and guilt for those struggling with their relationship with food. Physically, prolonged fasting can exacerbate serious health complications already associated with eating disorders, such as electrolyte imbalances, cardiovascular problems, severe dehydration, and gastrointestinal issues. This is why global awareness campaigns, such as World Eating Disorders Week, aim to break the stigma, encourage those affected to seek help, and educate families on how to offer support without judgment.

Bad eating habits during Ramadan that should be avoided

Although Ramadan is an opportunity to improve health, some common dietary habits can be harmful, especially for those predisposed to eating disorders. It is essential to be aware of and avoid the following practices:

1. Overeating and focusing on fatty foods

Eating large amounts of high-fat, high-calorie foods all at once after breakfast can overwhelm the digestive system, lead to weight gain, and increase the risk of heart disease and obesity.

2. Starting breakfast with a heavy meal

It is best to follow the Sunnah (Prophetic tradition) and begin with a light meal such as dates and water or milk, then perform the prayer, giving the stomach time to prepare for the main meal. This helps to avoid indigestion and bloating.

3. Drinking large amounts of water all at once

Drinking too much water at Iftar can strain the kidneys and may cause digestive cramps, especially if the water is cold. The best solution is to distribute water intake over several intervals between Iftar and Suhoor.

4. Neglecting the pre-dawn meal (suhoor)

The pre-dawn meal (suhoor) is essential to provide the body with the necessary energy during the day of fasting. It should contain complex carbohydrates, fiber, and protein, such as whole-wheat bread, oats, beans, and eggs, to ensure a feeling of fullness for a longer period.

5. Replace fruit with sweets

While fruit provides the body with vitamins, minerals, and fiber, consuming sweets immediately after breakfast leads to a rapid spike in blood sugar and fat accumulation. It is advisable to eat them at least two hours after the main meal and in moderation.