Al-Sareen archaeological site: New discoveries and a historic mosque in Al-Lith
The Saudi Heritage Commission officially announced the results of the 2025 archaeological excavations conducted by the joint Saudi-Chinese mission at the Al-Sirin archaeological site in Al-Lith Governorate, Makkah Region. This significant step is part of the Commission's ongoing efforts to document and study coastal archaeological sites and enhance understanding of the cultural landscape of the historical Islamic cities and ports that flourished along the Red Sea coast, highlighting the historical depth of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a link between ancient world civilizations.
The historical importance of the Al-Sirin archaeological site on the Silk Road
The civilizational and commercial activity at this historical site dates back to at least the third century AH, when this port played a pivotal role in connecting maritime trade networks between the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, and various ports of the Islamic world. The site's unique geographical location at the mouth of a seasonal valley provided a natural environment conducive to human settlement and economic activity, making it a major station on the historic Maritime Silk Road and a destination for caravans and merchant ships throughout successive Islamic eras.
Architectural extensions and remains of a unique historical mosque
Field excavations during the last season revealed significant architectural extensions in several pits within the established excavation network at the site. These discoveries included the documentation of integrated residential, service, and storage units, as well as pottery hearths that reflect the daily activities and living conditions of the ancient port's inhabitants. A surrounding wall, extending to the south, north, and west, was also uncovered, providing researchers with a clearer understanding of the site's urban layout and geographical boundaries.
In a related context, excavations in the southwestern part of the site revealed the remains of an ancient mosque, and the joint mission continues its excavation and detailed study work to understand the religious structure and urban organization of the historic city of Al-Sirin, with expectations that the work will extend into the coming seasons due to the great importance of this religious and architectural discovery.
Rare archaeological discoveries confirm trade links with China
The discoveries were not limited to architectural aspects; the season also witnessed the documentation of diverse and excellently preserved archaeological finds. These included various types of pottery, ceramic incense burners, stone tools, agate beads, and glass, as well as organic materials such as shells and animal bones, reflecting the great diversity in the economic and daily activities of the region's inhabitants.
Among the most notable discoveries documented by the mission is a fragment of a rare Chinese ceramic jar dating back to the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127 CE). This jar is distinguished by the presence of remnants of a decorative seal bearing ancient Chinese script. Although damaged and not fully legible, it serves as irrefutable archaeological evidence of the depth of active trade between southern China and the Red Sea coast during the medieval Islamic period.
The importance of the discoveries and their impact on world heritage
The significance of these discoveries extends beyond the local context, impacting regional and international understanding of ancient maritime trade routes. The confirmation of direct trade with China during this early period redraws the map of international economic relations in the Islamic era. The Heritage Commission affirms its commitment to continuing excavation and research at the site in the coming seasons to develop a comprehensive scientific understanding that will highlight the exceptional cultural value of this historic port as one of the most important trading centers on the Red Sea coast.
